Published on Apr 02, 2024
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Augmented Reality
Introduction
==> Augmented reality (AR) refers to computer displays that add virtual information to a user’s sensory perception.
==> Most AR research focuses on see-through devices, usually worn on the head that overlay graphics and text on the user’s view of his or her surroundings .
==> In general it superimposes graphics over a real world environment in real time
==> This kind of interface minimizes the extra mental effort that a user has to expend when switching his or her attention back and forth between real-world tasks and a computer screen.
Evolution
==> Although augmented reality may seem like the stuff of science fiction, researchers have been building prototype system for more than three decades
==> In the 1970s and 1980s a small number of researchers studied augmented reality at institution such as the U.S.
==> Air Force’s Armstrong Laboratory, the NASA Ames Research Center and the university of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
==> It wasn’t until the early 1990s that the term “Augmented Reality “was coined by scientists at Boeing who were developing an experimental AR system to help workers assemble wiring harnesses
==> In 2001 MIT came up with a very compact AR system known as “MIThrill”.
Figure
==> Here are the three components needed to make an augmented-reality system work:
==> Head-mounted display
==> Tracking system
==> Mobile computing power
Working
==> AR system tracks the position and orientation of the user’s head so that the overlaid material can be aligned with the user’s view of the world.
==> Through this process, known as registration, graphics software can place a three dimensional image of a tea cup, for example on top of a real saucer and keep the virtual cup fixed in that position as the user moves about the room.
==> AR systems employ some of the same hardware technologies used in virtual reality research, but there’s a crucial differences: whereas virtual reality brashly aims to replace the real world, augmented reality respectfully supplement it
Indoor Tracking
==> In optical trackers, the targets – LED’s or reflectors, for instance – can be attached to the tracked person or to the object, and an array of optical sensors can be embedded in the room’s ceiling
==> Alternatively the tracked users can wear the sensors, and targets can be fixed to the ceiling
==> Researchers at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill have developed a very precise system that works within 500 sq feet. The HiBall Tracking System is an optoelectronic tracking system made of two parts:
==> Six user-mounted, optical sensors.
==> Infrared-light-emitting diodes (LED’s) embedded in special ceiling panels
Video see-through displays
==> Figure
Out door Tracking
==> Head orientation is determined with a commercially available hybrid tracker that combines gyroscopes and accelerometers with magnetometers that measure the earth’s magnetic field
==> For position tracking we take advantage OF a high-precision version of the increasingly popular Global Positioning system receiver
==> GPS receivers have an accuracy of about 10 to 30 meters.
==> An augmented reality system would be worthless if the graphics projected were of something 10 to 30 meters away from what you were actually looking at.
Mobile computing power
==> For a wearable augmented realty system, there is still not enough computing power to create stereo 3-D graphics.
==> So researchers are using whatever they can get out of laptops and personal computers, for now.
==> Laptops are just now starting to be equipped with graphics processing unit (GPU’s).
==> Toshiba just now added a NVIDIA to their notebooks that is able to process more than 17-million triangles per second and 286-million pixels per second, which can enable CPU-intensive programs, such as 3D games.
Conclusion
==> Augmented reality is far behind Virtual Environments in maturity. Several commercial vendors sell complete, turnkey Virtual Environment systems.
==> However, no commercial vendor currently sells an HMD-based Augmented Reality system.
==> A few monitor-based “virtual set” systems are available, but today AR systems are primarily found in academic and industrial research laboratories
==> AR will probably be used for medical training before it is commonly used in surgery
References
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