Published on Nov 30, 2023
Monitoring and Recording of various medical parameters of patient outside hospitals has become Widespread phenomenon. The Reason behind this project is to design a system for monitoring the patient’s body at any time using internet connectivity. The function of this system is to measuring some biological parameter of the patient’s body like Temperature, Heartbeat, Blood pressure , by using sensors and the sensors will sense the body temperature ,heartbeat and blood pressure of the patient and sends the values to IOT Cloud platform through WIFI-Module. All information about the patient health will be stored on the cloud, it enables the doctors to monitor patient’s health, where the doctor can continuously monitor the patient’s condition on his Smart phone. The results showed that this project can effectively use Wi-Fi technology to monitor patient health status. And the power consumption of Wi-Fi module (ESP8266) can be reduced as much as possible. Thus, the designed system provides low complexity, low power consumptions and highly portable for healthcare monitoring of patients
Health is one of the global challenges for humanity. In the last decade the healthcare has drawn considerable amount of attention. The prime goal was to develop a reliable patient monitoring system so that the healthcare professionals can monitor the patients, who are either hospitalized or executing their normal daily life activities. Recently, the patient monitoring systems is one of the major advancements because of its improved technology.
Currently, there is need for a modernized approach. In the traditional approach the healthcare professionals play the major role. They need to visit the patient’s ward for necessary diagnosis and advising. There are two basic problems associated with this approach. Firstly, the healthcare professionals must be present on site of the patient all the time and secondly, the patient remains admitted in a hospital, bedside biomedical instruments, for a period of time. In order to solve these two problems, the patients are given knowledge and information about disease diagnosis and prevention. Secondly, a reliable and readily available patient monitoring system (PMS) is required. In order to improve the above condition, we can make use of technology in a smarter way. In recent years, health care sensors along with raspberry pi play a vital role. Wearable sensors are in contact with the human body and monitor his or her physiological parameters. We can buy variety of sensors in the market today such as ECG sensors, temperature sensors, pulse monitors etc. The cost of the sensors varies according to their size, flexibility and accuracy.
The Raspberry Pi which is a cheap, flexible, fully customizable and programmable small computer board brings the advantages of a PC to the domain of sensor network. In our system we are measuring patient’s parameters (ECG, temperature, heart rate, pulse, etc) with different available sensors. These sensors collected data i.e. biometric information is given to raspberry pi and then it is transferred to server.
Internet of Things (IoT) is the emerging technology, which contains huge amount of smart object and smart devices connected to the internet for communicating with each other.
In this project to analyze and compute the patient health we are using Raspberry Pi, which is the heart of this project.
These smart devices are used to collect temperature, blood pressure, sugar level, heartbeat, lung and respiration information etc., which are used to evaluate the health condition of the patient.
The final results are displayed on the android device, on web server and also the results are sent to the user through SMS.
These data results can be stored in data base centre which can be invoked from remote location at any time in an emergency case of patient without delaying the time.
This project may play vital role in saving the patient life at emergency time since “Time is life”
1. Patient level system
2. User level system
In this project we have temperature, blood pressure, ECG and heart beat readings which are monitored using Raspberry Pi. These sensors signals are send to Raspberry Pi via amplifier circuit and signal conditioning unit (scu), because the signals level are low (gain), so amplifier circuit is used to gain up the signal and transmit the signals to the Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi is a Linux based operating system works as a small pc processor system. Here patients body temperature , blood pressure , ECG and heart rate is measured using respective sensors and it can be monitored in the screen of computer using Raspberry Pi as well as monitoring through anywhere in the world using internet source.
The proposed method of patient monitoring system monitors patient’s health parameters using Raspberry Pi. After connecting internet to the Raspberry Pi it acts as a server. Then the server automatically sends data to the website. Using IP address anybody can monitor the patient’s health status anywhere in the world using laptops, tablets and smart phones. If these parameters goes abnormal it will automatically sends alert SMS to the doctors and relatives.
Raspberry pi 2 model B
LM 35 temperature sensor
Heart Beat and Blood Pressure sensor
A to D convertor (MCP 3202)
ECG sensor
LCD Display
Alarm
MAX 232
GSM Module
Wi-Fi Dongle
Raspbian OS
Python IDLE
Server (ThingSpeak)
The most widely measured physical parameter is body temperature; it can be calculated by putting the sensor in contact with human body. The sensor used in this project is an LM35 temperature sensor. LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in ℃). The LM35 sensor has more features that attracted us to choose it, such as Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade), Linear + 10-mV/°C scale factor; it measures temperatures from -55°C to +150°C range, the accuracy ±0.5°C. Figure 3-2 The LM35 sensor and its interfacing with microcontroller
Heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heat beat when a finger is placed inside it. This digital output can be connected to Arduino directly to measure the Beats per Minute (BPM) rate. It works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow through finger each pulse. IC LM358 is used for this sensor. Its dual low power operational amplifier consists of a super bright red LED and light detector. One will act as amplifiers and another will be used as comparator. LED needs to be super bright as the light must pass through finger and detected at other end.
When heart pumps a pulse of blood through blood vessels, finger becomes slightly more opaque so less light reach at the detector. With each heart pulse, the detector signal varies which is converted to electrical pulse
As health care services are important part of our society, automating these services lessen the burden on humans and eases the measuring process. Also the transparency of this system helps patients to trust it. When threshold value is reached, the alarm system that consists of buzzer and LED alerts the doctors and he can act more quickly. The objective of developing monitoring systems is to reduce health care costs by reducing physician office visits, hospitalizations, and diagnostic testing procedure.
The GSM technology helps the server to update the patient data on website. Many further improvements can be made in our system to make it better and easily adaptable such as adding more advanced sensors. The biometric information of the patient which is stored and published online can be given to scientists and researchers of medical fields to analyze the value and find patterns or for other research work. To simplify the hardware and reduce wiring we can use wireless sensors.
According to the availability of sensors or development in biomedical trend more parameter can be sensed and monitored which will drastically improve the efficiency of the wireless monitoring system in biomedical field. A graphical LCD can be used to display a graph of rate of change of health parameters over time. The whole health monitoring system which we have framed can be integrated into a small compact unit as small as a cell phone or a wrist watch. This will help the patients to easily carry this device with them wherever they go. In addition with medical application we can use our system in industrial and agricultural application by using sensors like humidity sensors, fertility check sensors, etc.
In this proposed system a mobile physiological monitoring system is presented, which is able to continuously monitor the patients heart beat, blood pressure and other critical parameters in the hospital. We proposed a continuous monitoring and control mechanism to monitor the patient condition and store the patient data’s in server using Wi-Fi Module based wireless communication, we also proposed remote health care data acquisition and smart storage system.The Future work of the project is very essential inorder to make the design system more advanced. In the designed system the enhancement would be connecting more sensors to internet which measures various other health parameters and would be beneficial for patient monitoring i.e. connecting all the objects to internet for quick and easy access. Establishing a Wi-Fi mesh type network to increase in the communication range.
[1]. Real time wireless health monitoring application using mobile devices, International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) Vol.7, No.3, May 2015, Amna Abdullah, Asma Ismael, Aisha Rashid, Ali Abou-ElNour, and Mohammed Tarique
[2]. Secured Smart Healthcare Monitoring System Based on Iot, International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication Volume: 3 Issue: 7, Bhoomika.B.K, Dr. K N Muralidhara
[3]. Zigbee and GSM Based Patient Health Monitoring System, 2014 International Conference on Electronics and Communication System (ICECS-2014), Purnima, Puneet Singh
