Published on Nov 30, 2023
Water is a basic need for all living being, it is important to maintain the cleanliness and hygiene of water. Water gets polluted due to many reasons such as waste from industry, garbage waste, sewage waste etc. water from lakes and ponds are cleaned by traditional methods. We have to incorporate technology such that cleaning work is done efficiently and effectively. We consider this as a serious problem and start to work on the project. We collected information from the various resource, based on the details collected we listed objectives that a design has to carry. Various concepts were generated through Pugh evaluation chart. Design calculation was being done where theoretical values of required parameters were calculated to match them with actual values achieved by the solution. A detailed engineering drawing is created and later fabrication process will be done stepwise.
Mechanisms used for our design is such a way that it collects the waste which floats on water bodies and the collected waste can be easily disposed from the product, our product cleans wastes found such as plastic wastes, garlands, bottles and other wastes found floating on water. We detect the waste in the water with a help of an action camera and our product is RC controlled using a battery, we have mainly used parts such as frame, waste collector bin and a propeller
Prime objective of our project is to collect all the wasteswhich are found floating on water bodies and to minimize labor work, we can use our product for few other purposes such as we can attach a life jacket to it and send it for rescue and if there is any oil spilled we can collect the oil through our product. We have tried to meet all the objectives to this product successful such that our product gets launched in the market.
Lakes are an important feature of the Earth‟s landscape. They are extremely valuable ecosystems and provide a range of goods and services to humankind. They are not only a significant source of precious water, but extend valuable habitats to plants and animals, moderate the hydrological extreme events (drought and floods), influence microclimate, enhance the aesthetic beauty of the landscape and offer many recreational opportunities. Lakes have a very special significance in India.
Pollution: For the last two decades, there has been an explosive increase in the urban population without corresponding expansion of civic facilities such as adequate infrastructure for the disposal of waste. Hence, as more and more people are migrating to cities the urban civic services are becoming less adequate. As a result, almost all urban water bodies in India are suffering because of pollution and are used for disposing untreated local sewage and solid waste, and in many cases the water bodies have been ultimately turned into landfills. Although, there is a plethora of policies and acts for the protection and restoration of urban lakes and wetlands, urban waterbodies are in extremely poor condition. There numbers are declining rapidly. For example at the beginning of 1960s Bangalore had 262 lake, now only 10 hold water. Similarly, in 2001, 137 lakes were listed in Ahmadabad city, and over 65 were reported being already built over (Excreta Matters, 2012). In Delhi in 2010-11 to check the changes in 3 waterbodies in last 10 years the status of 44 lakes was ascertained and it was fond that 21 out 44 lakes were gone dry due to rapid urbanization and falling water tables (Singh & Bhatnagar, 2012)
Collect many types of wastes: -Our product should not be restricted to collect only one type waste. It must diversify its function to accomplish the given task. The mechanism made for to collecting wastes should be tough enough to collect plastic wastes, plastic bottles, organic wastes which include crop debris, food wastes &any type of wastes which is floating on water.
Less human interference: - The very basic idea should be satisfied that is to avoid the interference of the operator. This will happen only by the adoption and sustained usage of technology in the workspace.
Collect more amount of waste: Very firstly it must collect around 5kg of waste at a time when it is being left to the water.
Easy disposal of waste: Another important thing is easy removal of wastes which are collected in the collecting box.
It must be stable: To make the product stable it must get through with proper design calculations.It should withstand extreme conditions such as additional load exerted by the water waves and as well as by the wastes which are being collected.
Safety for the user: The product must be user friendly.
Environmental friendly: It should not harm the aquatic animals. It must not have any property that has adverse effect on the water source.
Manufacturing of aqua drone begins with the selection of sheet metal in which we had to choose a sheet metal which can be easily bent, weld and light in weight. We chose GI sheet metal of 22 gauges.As our design part and calculation part were ready, we cut down the sheet metal to our required size and shape. We built two hulls and then connected them with two bars. Later we checked their floatability and we were successful in balancing and floating the two hulls. In the building of hull various operations were involved. Firstly to cut down the sheet metal we used the shearing machine and bent it down to our required angle using bending machine, later we joined all the sheet metal and bars through gas welding process.
The second challenge was to make a collector which has to be porous so that there is a smooth flow of water and less amount of resistance to the product movement, so we decided to use meshed sheet such that water should not be our obstacle. To detach the collector from our drone we used the sliding mechanism with the help of gear, here the gear used is designed and manufacturedi.e 23 teeth and 30 mm diameter( mild steel).
The third phase of manufacturing was to make our project look aesthetically look good so we covered the front and rear side of drone with sheet metal having an arc shape and as we had decided to install our electronic part inside the hull we had to cover the hull also, with the help of hinges we attached the sheet metal such that we can open and close it and to make sure that our drone is water proof inside the hull, we applied silicon inside the hull.
To clamp the motor inside the hull we made stand and joined it to sheetmetal with the help of brazing. Later we had to drill a hole for the shaft to pass in for the propeller and we used 6mm hollow pipe for the shaft to pass in and we connected the one end of shaft to motor with the help of a coupler and the other end of shaft to propeller.
Propellers used were manufactured using 3-D printing and the material used was ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene). ABS combines the strength and rigidity of acrylonitrile and styrene polymers with the toughness of polybutadiene rubber.
Painting process was started with the cleaning of the product with chemical treatment. Later it was painted by the means of powder coating of black and silver colour.
The product right now is remote controlled but through automation techniques such as sensor technology, it can be made self-automated. The product can be used for many other purposes in the future. It can be modified to throw life jackets during rescue operations. This can be achieved by fixing appropriate propellers with higher motor rpms. We can also replace battery with solar panels and make it completely work on solar energy.
About 71 percent of the Earth's surface is water-covered and only about 0.3 percent of our fresh water is found in the surface water of lakes, rivers, and swamps. In developing countries, 70 percent of industrial wastes are dumped untreated into waters, polluting the usable water supply. On average, 22 million tons of fertilizers and chemicals are used each year.
Aqua Drone was designed with an intention of clean the water debris floating on the lake, by using our drone we can collect many floating wastes like plastic bottles, bags, flowers without any human interference and then dispose off the waste easily, one can clean the lake just by operating it with the help of remote control. Also, our product help in reducing the water pollutants to a certain extent. The major advantage is the safety provided by our product that is one need not risk his life while he is cleaning the lake and we just need one person to control the drone. The product is socially helpful for the laborers who clean the lake and economically viable. If the product is used in large numbers, it would be a perfect example for „Technological application in environmental protection‟.
Fluid mechanics fundamental and applications By Cengelcimbala
http://www.boatdesign.net/forums/props/prop-thrust-calculation-38283.html
Fluid machinery by Kadamb Prasad
Kuusisto, E. (1985). Lakes: Their Physical Aspects.In: Rodda, J.C. (ed.), Facets of Hydrology,Volume II, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
